What is Pyruvate?

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Pyruvate

How to Use It

Most human research with pyruvate and weight loss has used at least 30 grams per day. However, such large amounts may not be necessary. In a six-week double-blind trial, as little as 6 grams per day of pyruvate in combination with exercise, led to greater weight loss and loss of body fat, compared with a placebo plus exercise.

Where to Find It

Pyruvate is formed in the body as a byproduct of the normal metabolism of carbohydrates and protein and is present in several foods, including red apples, cheese, dark beer, and red wine. Dietary supplements of pyruvate are also available.

Possible Deficiencies

Because it is not an essential nutrient, pyruvate is not associated with a deficiency state.

References

1. Stanko RT, Tietze DL, Arch JE. Bodycomposition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a 4.25-MJ/d low-energy dietsupplemented with pyruvate. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:630�5.

2. Stanko RT, Reynolds HR, Hoyson R, etal. Pyruvate supplementation of a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet: Effects on plasma lipidconcentration and body composition in hyperlipidemic patients. Am J Clin Nutr1994;59:423�7.

3. KalmanD, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition inoverweight individuals. Nutrition 1999;15:337�40.

4. Kalman D, Colker CM,Stark S, et al. Effect of pyruvate supplementation on body composition and mood. Curr TherRes 1998;59:793�802.

5. Kreider R, Koh P, Ferreira M, et al.Effects of pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition & metabolicresponses to exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:S62 [abstract].

6. Ivy JL, Cortez MY, Chandler RM, et al. Effects of pyruvate on the metabolismand insulin resistance of obese Zucker rats. Am J Clin Nutr1994;59:331�7.

7. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Galbreath RW, et al. Enhanced leg exercise endurance with a high-carbohydrate diet and dihyroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;69:1651�6.

8. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Spina RJ, et al. Enhancement of arm exercise endurance capacity with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;68:119�24.

9. Kalman D, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals. Nutrition 1999;15:337�40.

10. Kreider R, Koh P, Ferreira M, et al. Effects of pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition & metabolic responses to exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:S62 [abstract].

11. Kalman D, Colker CM, Stark S, et al. Effect of pyruvate supplementation on body composition and mood.Curr Ther Res 1998;59:793�802.

12. Koh-Banerjee PK, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, et al. Effects of calcium pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exercise. Nutr 2005;21:312�9.

13. Morrison MA, Spriet LL, Dyck DJ. Pyruvate ingestion for 7 days does not improve aerobic performance in well-trained individuals. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:549�56.

14. Stone MH, Sanborn K, Smith LL, et al. Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146�65.

15. Stone MH, Sanborn K, Smith LL, et al. Effects of in-season (5-weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football palyers. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146�65.

16. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Galbreath RW, et al. Enhanced leg exercise endurance with a high-carbohydrate diet and dihyroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;69:1651�6.

17. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Spina RJ, et al. Enhancement of arm exercise endurance capacity with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;68:119�24.

18. Kalman D, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals. Nutrition 1999;15:337�40.

19. Kreider R, Koh P, Ferreira M, et al. Effects of pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition & metabolic responses to exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:S62 [abstract].

20. Kalman D, Colker CM, Stark S, et al. Effect of pyruvate supplementation on body composition and mood.Curr Ther Res 1998;59:793�802.

21. Koh-Banerjee PK, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, et al. Effects of calcium pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exercise. Nutr 2005;21:312�9.

22. Morrison MA, Spriet LL, Dyck DJ. Pyruvate ingestion for 7 days does not improve aerobic performance in well-trained individuals. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:549�56.

23. Stone MH, Sanborn K, Smith LL, et al. Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146�65.

24. Stone MH, Sanborn K, Smith LL, et al. Effects of in-season (5-weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football palyers. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146�65.

25. Kalman D, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals. Nutrition 1999;15:337�40.

26. Koh P, Kreider R, Ferreira M, et al. Effects of pyruvate supplementation during training on hematologic and metabolic profiles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:S155 [abstract].

Weight Loss

Pyruvate

Related Topics

How to Use It

Where to Find It

Possible Deficiencies